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To oppress, treat unjustly, pay small wages and exact much work, keep under the thumb; oppressed, subject to, unfree, in bondage to, in the clutches of, domineered, bullied. Indì mo paglupígon ang mga ímol. Do not oppress the poor. Ginalúpig níya ang íya mga mamumugón. He is treating his workmen harshly or unjustly. Ang mga ímol sing masamí lúpig sang mga manggaránon. The poor are often subject to oppression by the rich.

Discharge, detonation, snap, pop, bang, crash; the report of a gun, a shot; to explode, burst; the firing off of guns or mortars at feasts, etc. May lupók. There is, was or will be, the firing off of guns or mortars. Nakabatì ka sang lupók sang pusíl? Did you hear the report of the rifle? Naglupók ang kaldéra, ang gúma sang áwto, etc. The kettle, the auto-tyre, etc. burst, exploded, blew-up,-out. Nalúkpan si Fuláno sing rekámara kag napatáy. N.N. was hit by an exploding mortar and was killed. Nalúkpan akó sing kaldéra. One of my cauldrons exploded. Ang ibán nga mga ítlog kon ibutáng sa abó nga maínit magalupók. Some eggs burst when put in hot ashes. (Palupokí) Palúkpi ang mga kalasálon. Fire off some guns for the marriage-couple.

To pervade, impregnate, season, flavour, give a relish to, applied especially to salt put as a seasoning into liquid side-dishes. Ang ginamós walâ makalúpos sang tinóla. The salt-fish did not give a flavour to the side-dish (too little of it having been put in).

To fade, lose colour, bleach, tone down, become wishy-washy. Ang kaayóáyo mahapús maglús-aw. Beauty fades easily. Naglús-aw ang duág sang íya nga bísti. The colour of her garments is faded. Nalus-awán akó siníng kálò. The colour of this hat has faded, it seems to me-or-The colour of this hat of mine has faded.

To sustain, support, uphold, maintain, carry on, keep up. May ikasángkol siá sa paglús-on sang amó nga palangakoán. He is capable or qualified to maintain (fill, occupy) such a position (office). (see tús-on).

To fray, be torn to shreds, be torn to ribbons. Nagkalúsò tungúd sang bágyo ang mga dáhon sang ságing. The banana-leaves were torn to shreds by the hurricane. (see lúsì).

To pierce, penetrate, destroy with a pointed instrument (especially applied to the eyes). Indì mo paglúskon (paglusókon) ang íya matá. Don't pierce his eye. Nalúsok ang íya matá sang dulát. His eye was pierced by the awl. Ang panâ naglúsok sang íya matá. The arrow penetrated his eye. Naglúsok ang ádlaw sang íya pagkamatáy sa ádlaw sang íya pagkatáo. His death happened on the same day (of the week or year) as his birth.

To go or jump down, descend, dive into. Ginlusóngan níya ang pisítas nga nahúlug sa túbig. He dived to get the twenty-centavo piece that had fallen into the water. Ang íya pagpanlibáng nalusóngan sang balaúd. His diarrhoea developed into dysentery.

To topple over, heel over, tilt, tip, fall over due to one or more supports giving way. Nalúsud (Nagkalúsud) ang baláy, kay gináb-ab sang subâ. The house having been undermined by the river fell over. Nabálì (nagkabálì) ang isá ka tiíl kag nalúsud ang lamésa. One leg broke and the table toppled over. Nalusúran (nalusúdan, nalúsdan) siá sang íya baláy. His house tumbled down (fell over, burying him underneath). Gabúk iníng halígi; ilísi sing bág-o, kay kon dílì malúsdan ka sang ímo baláy. This post is rotten; replace it by a new one, for otherwise your house will-tumble down,-collapse,-come to grief.

Rising to (showing on) the surface, floating, buoyant, visible, conspicuous, prominent, eminent, distinguished; to float, be buoyed up, come to light, rise to the surface, become conspicuous, be distinguished or eminent, to be in (on, upon, above). Ang kawáyan nagalutáw sa túbig. Bamboo floats in water. Ang dágat ginlutawán sing madámù nga mga káhoy nga dinágsà sang pagbágyo. The sea was full of floating driftwood at the time of the hurricane. Lutáw siá nga táo kag binátà sang isá ka lutáw nga panimaláy. He is a prominent man and scion of a conspicuous family. Naglutáw sa íya ang panálig sang mga punoán. The authorities showed that they trusted him (had confidence in him). Karón nagalutáw na siá sa dakû nga katalágman nga--. At present he is in great danger of--. (see kubáw, kubág, kutáw, utáw-útaw, bútwà-to rise to the surface from under water).

To straighten out, replace, reduce, put back or set (muscles, etc.). Lutáya ang bútkon ko, ang kaugatán ko, etc. Straighten my arm, my muscles, etc. by massaging. Lutáyi akó sang ákon tiíl nga nalutá. Set or replace the bones of my dislocated foot.

A bamboo gun, gun, rifle, musket, revolver; to fire a gun, to shoot. Nasentensyahán siá sang hokóm nga pagaluthangón. He was sentenced by the judge to be shot. Ginlúthang níla ang buyóng. They shot the robber. (see pusíl).

To give way, give, sag, double up, as a sack, a corpse, etc., if lifted, or as a piece of cloth held open does, when a weight is put in the middle of it. Naglúy-on ang sáko nga arína sang paghákwat ko sinâ. The sack of flour gave (way) in the middle, when I lifted it. (see táboy).

Weakness, debility, feebleness; to become weak, feeble, debile. Nalúya (nagkalúya) siá. He became weak. Naluyáhan akó sa íya. He appears to me to be weak. Ginlúya sang balatían ang íya láwas. The disease (sickness) enfeebled him, made him weak. Linuyáhan ang íya kabubút-on sang amó nga katarúngan. Those arguments weakened his intention (will). (see pígaw).

(H) To fatigue, fag, tire, weary, become tired, fagged or weary. Nalúyà (nagkalúyà) siá sang paglakát. He got tired from walking. (see kápoy, búdlay, pául).

Side, flank, neighbourhood, proximity, alongside, nearby, beside, border, edge; part, party, faction; to be (placed, situated) at the side of,-in a nearby region,-in the neighbourhood of, etc. Sa íya luyó--. At his side--. Sa naluyó sang íya baláy--. On the ground at the side of his house--. (see kílid, binít, lapít, íngod, kalúyo, kaluyó).

Bulky, cumbersome, cumbrous, taking up much space on account of not being compact, awkward to carry on account of size or form, even if not heavy in weight. Mabángkag ang mga ságing nga sinipî sa bakág. Bananas in clusters take up much room in a basket (there being many hollow spaces). Mabángkag iníng háwla sang píspis. This bird-cage is awkward to carry. (see bángkag, magámbal).

A gale, squall, stiff breeze, blast, a cap of wind; violent, strong, blustering (of wind). Nagmádlus ang hangin. The wind blew strongly. Ginmadlusán kamí sang hángin sa sakayán. We encountered violent winds while we were on the boat.

Liable to be adhered to, susceptible of, amenable to, not unlikely to catch, apt to incur. Iníng táo madolókton sang ínit. This man is very liable to change colour (to become very red in the face, or the like) through exposure to the heat of the sun. (see dokót).

A prefix used chiefly in the following ways:

1) to denote the active infinitive, e.g. Hándà na kamó maglakát? Are you now ready to set out? Malúyag akó magtán-aw sinâ. I want to see that. Magtuón ka magsulát sing maáyo. Learn to write well.

2) to form the active imperative, e.g. Maghalín ka dirâ. Be off. Go away from there. Magtúman ka siní. Do this. Fulfil this faithfully. Magkáon na kamó. Now, eat your meal. Go to dinner. Indì ka magbúhat sinâ. Don't do that. Dílì ka magsúgid sinâ sa íya. Don't tell him that.

3) To form the active negative with "índì", expressing a disinclination, objection or lack of intention, e.g. Indì akó magbayó. I am not going to pound rice. I will not pound rice. Nanáy, si Hosé índì magtúman sang ímo nga ginsógò. Mother, José is not doing-or-will not do what you told him. Dì (dílì) siá magtámbong, konó, sa ámon bádù. They say that he is not taking part in our entertainment.

4) To form the past active negative with "walâ". Walâ siá magabút. He did not come. Walâ siá magkádto dídto. He has not gone there. Walâ pa siá magpanyága. He has not had his dinner yet.

5) to form nouns (frequently by reduplicating the first syllable of the root, e. g. magtutúon-teacher (tuón); magbubúlung-doctor, physician (bulúng); magsusúlat-writer (sulát); mag-amáy-father; mag-anák-child, son, daughter; mag-ilóy-mother; magluyó-partner; etc. etc.