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(B) To laugh much and heartily. Ngáa man nga nagaótoy ka sang kádlaw? Why do you laugh so much? (see arók-ok, arík-ik).

(B) To laugh much and heartily. Ngáa man nga nagaótoy ka sang kádlaw? Why do you laugh so much? (see arók-ok, arík-ik).

A very frequently used prefix with the following meanings:

1) Movement or direction towards, e.g. paidálum-downwards, down; paibábaw-upward, up; nagpamanílà siá. He has gone to Manila. Nagapabugál siá. He is on the road to pride, i.e. he is getting proud, is haughty, overbearing. Nagapadayáw siá. He is vain. Nagapabungúl siá. He is acting as if he were deaf, is stubborn, disobedient, heedless, does not listen, etc.

2) Efficient cause, e.g. Sín-o ang nagpatíndog sang halígi? Who set up the post? Ang isá ka alakáyo saráng makapakádlaw sa mga táo. A joker can make people laugh. Ginpahalín níla ang matámad nga sologoón. They discharged the lazy servant. Patalumá ang binángon. Sharpen the bolo. Pinabálik níya ang sulát. He sent the letter back, etc.

3) Order or command (quite frequently to be performed by a third person), e.g. Patáwga si Pédro (sa) kay Huán. Ipatawág si Huán (sa) kay Pédro. Order (Get) Peter to call John. Padálhi akó sing túbig. Send me some water. Get someone to bring me water. Palutói akó sing panyága. Have dinner prepared for me. Order someone to cook the dinner for me. Palutóa ang kosinéro sang panyága. Ipalútò ang panyága sa kosinéro. Order the cook to get dinner ready. Ipaábat siá. Send somebody-after him,-to call him here, etc.

4) Toleration or sufferance, e.g. Pahampangá lang dirâ ang mga bátà. Just let the boys play there. Pabayái (Pabáy-i) lang silá. Leave them alone. Let them do what they like. Pasakayá (Pasákya) siá sa ímo salákyan. Give him a lift in your vehicle. Let him ride in your car (carriage). Indì mo silá pagpasúgtan. Don't allow them to have their will. Don't grant their request. Don't approve their proposal. Indì ka magpabúang, magpadáyà, etc. Don't allow yourself to be fooled, cheated, etc. Mapapuút pa akó ánay sang ulán kag ogáling mapadáyon akó sang ákon panglakátan. I'll let the rain stop first (I am waiting for the rain to stop) and then I shall continue the march, etc.

N.B. It should be borne in mind that the context alone can determine the exact meaning of pa-(usually, for convenience' sake, called the Causative). Hence in this dictionary when words with the prefix pa-occur, the translation does not exclude meanings other than the one given.

Bitterness; pain, grief; to be or become bitter; harsh, acrid, biting, pungent, sharp, unpalatable; be hard to bear, cruel, poignant, painful, trying, severe, grievous, distressing. Nagpa-ít iníng ísdà sa lakás nga asín. This fish has been made to taste like brine on account of using too much salt. Napa-itán akó siníng serbésa. This beer tastes bitter to me, is too bitter for me. Mapa-itán ka gid sang ímo kahimtángan kon--. You will have a hard time of it, if--. Your condition will be a trying one, if--.

Caus. of ábat-to follow, go after. Paabáta si Pédro sa kay Huán. Send Peter after John. Paabáti siá sang ímo sologoón. Send your servant after him.

To darken, make as dark as the leaves of the ágdom-shrub. Nagpaágdom siá sang íya guyá. His face darkened. Indì mo pagpaagdomón ang ímo nawóng. Don't look so disagreeable. Don't pull such a sour face. (pa, ágdom).

To let fields on lease (for part or one half of the produce). Ipaágsa sa íya ang ímo dútà-or-paagsahí siá sang ímo dútà. Let him have your field on lease. Lease him your land. Paagsahá siá. Grant him the lease of the land. (pa, ágsa).

Caus. of álam. Also: to warn, tell beforehand, caution, forewarn, premonish; to say goodbye, take one's leave, say farewell, bid goodbye, bid adieu. Nagapaálam na akó sa ínyo. I am now saying goodbye to you. Ang katapúsan nga paálam ni Rizál. The last farewell of Rizal. Paálam na. Goodbye. Paalámi siá nga ang mga lampitáw nagaságap sa íya. Warn him that the detectives are looking for him. Ginpaaláman silá nga dáan sang katuyoán sang mga buyóng sa pagatí sang íla nga minurô. They were warned beforehand of the intention of the robbers to sack their village. Ipaálam sa íya nga--. Tell him that--. Ginpaálam sa áton sang pangolohán nga ang bágyo magaági dirí. We received a warning from the government that the typhoon would pass over here. (see paáman, paadiós).

Caus. of álay. To tire, make stiff. Also: (especially in (B): to worry, feel uneasy, be upset. Ang paglakát nagpaálay sang ákon páa. The walk has made my legs stiff. Pagapaaláyon (pagapaalayón) gid ang ímo láwas kon magpangabúdlay ka sa ínit. You will certainly get tired and stiff, if you work in the heat of the sun. Ngáa nga nagapaaláy ka gid túngud sinâ? Why do you worry about that? Why does such a thing upset you? Anó ang ímo ginapaalayán (sang ímo hunâhúnà)? What are you worrying about? What is it that makes you feel so ill at ease?

Caus. of alogán-gan-to postpone, prolong, procrastinate, etc. Nagapaalogán-gan siá sa pagpahumán sang íya baláy. He is putting off the finishing of his house. He puts off finishing his house.

Caus. of áloy-to pretend to be sick, etc. Also: A strike; to strike work, quit work, go on strike. May paáloy karón sang mga mamumugón. There is at present a labour strike on. Indì kamó magpaáloy. Don't go on strike. Don't quit work. Don't down tools. (see wélga, Sp. huélga).

To darken, make dark, blacken, tarnish, dull, make lose whiteness or lustre, applied especially to a metal and to facial expression. Ang túbig nagpaalúm sang íya síngsing, arítos, bórlas, binángon, etc. His (Her) ring, ear-rings, tassels, bolo, etc. became dark or lost their original (lustre) brightness through the action of water. Indì ka magpaalúm sang ímo guyá. Don't look so black (sour, cross). (see alúm, paitúm, pailóm).

(H) To be, seem, pretend to be, dead with the limbs relaxed. Sang paghákwat namón sa íya nagapaalumátay siá. When we lifted him he was as if dead. Nagapaalumátay na ang masakít. The sick person is now like one dead, lying listlessly and motionless. Indì ka magpaalumátay. Don't pretend to be dead. Don't feign death.

To allure, entice, attract. Ang mga búlak nagapaamág sang putyókan. Flowers attract bees. Ginpaamág níya si Fuláno sang íya ngga kaúgdang kag maáyo nga batásan. She attracted N.N. by her modesty and virtue. Paamagá si tútò sang kalan-ónon or ipaamág sa kay tútò ang mga kalan-ónon. Gain the attachment of the little darling by giving him some pastry. (pa, amág).

(B) To exaggerate, boast, overstate, brag, vaunt. Nagapaámbaw gid siá sang súgid. Ginapaambawán gid níya ang súgid. He made the most of the story. He gave a highly coloured account of the story. (see palabáw, palakás, wákal, hágak, etc.).

To let share, share with, give a share or part to, make or let participate in or partake of. Paambitón ko siá sináng mga páhò. I will let him have some of those mangoes. Ipaámbit ko sa íya iníng humáy. I am going to give him part of this rice. Paambitá akó sang maáyo mo nga kapaláran. Let me share in your good fortune. Ginpaambitán níya sa ákon ang íya kalípay. He let me share in his joy. He shared his joy with me. (pa, ámbit).

Caus. of anák. To beget, procreate, make pregnant; to get another to be godfather or godmother at a christening, ask another to be godparent; to act as a midwife, assist at childbirth. Paángka (paánka, paanaká) si Fuláno sang imó bátà. Ipaanák mo ang ímo bátà sa kay Fuláno. Get N.N. to be godfather to your child. Si Fulána amó ang nagpaanák sa íya. N.N. assisted her at childbirth. (see panganák, pakúgus, pakapút, pamábdus).

Hot, sultry, close, stuffy, oppressive, warm, sweltry; to be or get hot, etc. Nagpáang ang ímo baláy kútub nga ginilísan mo ang atóp nga nípà sing (sang) sin. Your house is hot, since you exchanged the nípà roof for one of galvanized iron. Napaángan akó dirí siníng baláy. I am feeling hot here in this house. It strikes me that this house is hot. (see gín-ot, bóhot, ínit).

To compare with, liken to, illustrate by a similitude or simile, make or institute a comparison between. Ipaánggid, mo ang isá sa isá. Compare the one with the other. Ang kabúhì sang táo ginapaánggid sa umalági nga búlak. The life of man is like a passing flower. (pa, ánggid).

Caus. of arádo-to plough. Paaradóha siá sang ákon umá. Let him (Tell him to) plough my field. (see padáro).