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An abrasion, contusion, bruise, gravel-rash; to abrade, bruise, contuse, take the skin off. Napák-ad (Nagkapák-ad) ang pánit sang ákon bútkon. The skin of my arm got scraped off. Andam ka, agúd índì makasúnggò ang ímo tiíl kag mapák-ad (magkapák-ad). Look out, lest your foot should knock against something hard and be bruised. (see balíkas, lísgis, bákris, gádras, hánog).

A prefix meaning:

a.) To pretend, feign, make a show or false appearance of, assume the airs of what the root implies, e.g. Indì ka magpakamanunúon, kon dílì ka manunúon nga matúod. Don't pretend to be a teacher, unless you really are a teacher. Nagpakapárì siá, ápang nasápwan sa madalî nga dílì siá párì galî. He pretended to be a priest, but it was soon found out that he was not a priest at all.

b.) To imagine, consider, think, hold something to be what the stem of the word indicates, e.g. Ginpakamaáyo níla ang amó nga pagbulút-an. They considered that to be a good law, they approved that law. Ang tanán nga nagapakasáyod (nagapakasayód) sinâ--. All those that think that they know the facts in that case--.

c.) To do or experience "really" what the root implies, e.g. Ang mga nagpakabatî sa íya--. Those that (actually) heard him--. Ang mga nagpakatiláw sang amó nga pagkáon nagasilíng nga--. Those that have (actually) tasted that food say that--. Ang mga nagpakatámbong, nagpakadáyaw, etc. Those that were present, applauded, etc. Ang Anák sang Diós nagpakatáo. The Son of God became (really, truly, verily) man.

N.B. It should be borne in mind that there are terms, as e.g. pakalisúd, etc., in which the "ka-" belongs to the stem and their meaning is consequently determined by the prefix pa-, not by paka-.

(H) To go, make for, head for, proceed to, go in the direction of something rather far away. Sa pagpakádto kag pagpakarí (sa pagpakádto-pakarí) ang hinákay índì magkúlang sa isá ka gatús ka mángmang. The return ticket will not be less than one hundred pesos. Diín kitá pakádto siní? Where shall we go or came to? What will be the outcome or upshot, if we go on-thus,-in such a way? Also: the Caus. of kádto-to go, etc. Pakadtoá siá dídto. Order him to go there. Pakadtoí siá. Let someone go to him. Have him called upon. Call him.

To cause sorrow or distress, give trouble to, to grieve, afflict; to hurt, wound the feelings of. Indì ka magpakalisúd sa íya sing lakás. Don't distress him too much. Indì mo pagpakalísdon ang ímo mga ginikánan. Don't cause sorrow to your parents. Don't grieve your parents. (pa, kalisúd).

To esteem highly, hold dear, value, prize, set great store by, think much of, hold in high esteem, appreciate. Pakamahalá ang pagtóo. Esteem the Faith highly. Also: to affect high worth or dignity. Indì ka magpakamahál, kay dílì man ikáw halángdon. Don't affect great dignity, for you are not a dignitary (one of those that are to be looked up to). (paka-, mahál).

A club, beater, bat, clothes-beater, etc.; the row of teeth a shark uses in striking; snout, sword (of a fish); to beat, strike, knock, club. Pakangá ang ákon delárgo kon maglabá ka sinâ. Beat my trousers well when you wash them. Indì mo pagpakangón ang ákon bág-o nga báyò, kóndì tapátapáhon mo lang, agúd índì magísì. Don't beat my new jacket with the beater, but with the hands only, lest it should be torn. Ipakáng sa mantél iníng kawáyan. Use this piece of bamboo to beat out the table-cloth with. (see bákol, hámpak).

To sin, commit sin, commit a fault. Indì ka magpakasalâ liwán. Do not sin again. Sín-o ang ginpakasál-an mo? Whom did you sin against? With whom did you commit sin? Likawí ang kahigayónan mo sa pagpakasalâ (nga ikapakasalâ sa ímo). Avoid the occasions that may lead you into committing sin. (see salâ).

To sanctify, hallow, to make or become saintly or holy, keep holy, observe (as sacred); to affect sanctity, be sanctimonious. Pakasantosón mo ang mga Domíngo kag Piésta. Keep the Sundays and Feast-days holy. Ang grásya nga nagapakasántos. Sanctifying grace. Indì ka magpakasántos, kay dílì ikáw sántos. Don't affect sanctity, for you are not a saint. (paka-, sántos).

Caus. of káwas-to escape over the brim of, etc. Indì mo pagpakawáson ang mga katáng sa alát. Don't let the katáng-crabs escape (get out of) from the fish-basket.

To show partly, expose to view, exhibit, give a glimpse of, allow to be seen; to be vain, ostentatious. Indì ka magpakitâkitâ sang dápat tabúnan. Don't expose to view what should be covered. (see pakítà).

To meddle or interfere in, poke one's nose in, interpose, butt in, intrude oneself in, take part in (impertinently), mix oneself up with. Indì ka magpakitarakáng sang mga buluhatón sang ibán. Indì mo pagpakitarakangán ang mga buluhatón sang ibán. Don't meddle in (with) the doings of others. (see pasilabút).

To scratch, line, score or mark with a sharp point. Napáklis ang kamót ko sang dúgi. My hand was scratched by thorns. Kuháa iníng mga símsim sa dálan, agúd índì mapaklisán ang mga umalági. Take these bamboo-branches off the road. Passers-by might be scratched by them. (see bákris, pákris, pák-ad, pák-it).

To be silent, sit still, make no stir, keep very quiet. Indì ka magpakuribúng, kóndì maghúlag ka na. Don't sit still, but be stirring. Don't stick there mooning, but-stir yourself,-be on the move,-get a move on. Nagapakuribúng gid lang siá sa higád sang íya baláy. He just stays slumped (remains quiet) in a corner of his house. (see pahimúyong, patáwhay, húkò).

To raise above, raise to a greater height than, make to overtop, make higher than something else; to be haughty, insolent, overbearing. Ginpalabáw níya ang atóp sang kosína sa mayór. He made the roof of the kitchen higher than the main roof. Indì ka magpalabáw sa ibán. Don't esteem yourself above others. Don't look down on others,

Pride, haughtiness, overbearing, insolence; to be proud, haughty, insolent, lofty, arrogant, to take on airs, give oneself airs, be high and mighty, behave oneself in a haughty manner, be supercilious. Indì ka magpalabílábi. Don't be proud. Don't think too much of yourself. Nagpalabílábi siá sa ákon. Ginpalabílabíhan níya akó. He was supercilious to me. He was patronizing me,-condescending to me. He treated me as an inferior. Ang íya pagpadayáw kag pagpalabílábi nakadáldal sa íya sa olíhi sa madámù nga kalakasán nga makahuhúyà. Her vanity and pride led her finally to many shameful excesses. (see labí).

To run away, run off, escape, flee, retreat, take to flight, make off, turn tail, take to one's heels, beat a retreat, abscond, bolt, decamp, skedaddle, show a light pair of heels. Nagpalágyo siá. He ran away. He fled. Nakapalágyo siá sa bilanggóan. He succeeded in escaping from prison. Ginpalagyohán níya ang íya mapíntas nga agálon. He ran away from his cruel master. Indì kamó magpalágyo súbung sang mga matálaw, kóndì mangatúbang kamó sing matútum sa mga kaáway. Don't retreat (run away) like cowards, but bravely face the enemy. (see lágyo, tál-as).

(B) To do to excess, too much, immoderately, excessively, to overdo, overstep the mark, exceed the proper limits. Indì mo pagpalam-agón ang ímo nga dayáw. Don't be so excessively vain. Indì mo siá pagpalam-agán sang hámbal. Don't talk too much to him. (see lám-ag, patámà).

(H) To expose to flies, let be covered with flies. Indì ka magpalangáw sang tinápay. Indì mo pagpalangawán ang tinápay. Don't let the bread be covered with flies. (see lángaw).

Towards heaven, heaven-ward; to go to heaven. Ang waláy pagtóo índì makapalángit. Without faith one cannot go to heaven. Ang grásya nga nagapakasántos amó ang ikapalángit sang táo. Sanctifying grace enables a man to go to heaven. (see lángit).

To make wide, extend, widen, broaden. Palapára ang lamésa. Make the table wide or wider. Ipalápad ko sa ímo ang ákon kaingín. I'll let you increase the extent of my jungle fire. You may burn over a greater area. Indì ka na magpalápad sang dálan, kay túman na kalápad. Don't make the road broader (wider), for it is broad (wide) enough already. (see lápad).