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Right, reason, motive, interest, relation or connection with, reference, regard. May tungúd siá kag bangúd sa pagbúhat sinâ. In acting thus he has (had) right and reason on his side. Anó ang tungúd mo sinâ? What is your interest in that matter (affair)? What have you got to do with it? Sa tungúd siní gánì--. Just on account of this--. Precisely for this reason--. N.B. Besides as noun "tungúd" is also very widely used as:

1) Verb: to concern, refer to, belong to, have a relation or connection with, e.g. iníng báhin sang humáy natungúd sa kay Fuláno. This part of the rice belongs (pertains) to N.N. Ipanáysay mo inâ sa mga punoán nga natúngdan. Explain that to the authorities that are concerned in the matter (--to the proper, corresponding authorities). Patungúd, pahanungúd-to attribute to, offer up-for,-in behalf of,-in behoof of, to do for the-sake of,-good of, to do to the advantage of, apply to, bestow upon, consider as belonging to, impute, etc. Iníng indulhénsya saráng mapahanungúd sa mga kalág sa purgatóryo. This indulgence can be applied to the souls in Purgatory. Dílì mo pagipatungúd sa ibán ang ímo mga sayúp. Don't impute your own faults to someone else.

2) Conjunctive particle: Because, since, seeing that, for, on the ground that, in as much as, e.g. Naakígan siá sang íya agálon tungúd nga nagsabát siá. He roused (incurred) the anger of his master, because he answered back. Walâ siá makatámbong, tungúd kay nagmasakít siá. He could not put in an appearance, because he-was taken ill,-had been taken ill,-took ill. Tungúd kay (Tungúd nga) ginbúhat mo inâ pangabagáha na man ang salábton. On the ground that you have done it you must also shoulder the responsibility.

3) Preposition: a. About, concerning, touching, as to, as for, respecting, as respects, with respect to, regarding, as regards, with regard to, referring to, with reference to, in connection with, pertaining to, appertaining to, bearing upon, relating to, with relation to, etc. Namángkot siá (sa) tungúd sang bilí sang kawáyan. He asked about the price of bamboo. Sa tungúd sang íya pagpalágyo walâ akó kabatî (makabatî) sing bisán kon anó. As to his flight, I have heard nothing whatever about it.

b. Because of, owing to, for the reason that, on the ground that, on account of, etc. Nasáyran ko na tungúd sang ímo pagsáysay. I know now because of your explanation. Ginbalúsan siá níla tungúd sang íya kaísug kag tungúd sang íya pagpatigáyon sing búlig. They rewarded him for his courage and because he brought up help. Walâ silá makabáyad tungúd sang íla piérde (kapierdéhan) sa bágyo. They could not pay on account of the losses they had sustained in the bágyo. Tungúd sa anó? Why? Wherefore? For what reason? Tungúd siní. Therefore. For this reason.

c. For the good of, for the sake of, for the benefit (advantage) of, for, in behalf (behoof) of. "Indì kamó maghibî tungúd sa ákon, kóndì tungúd sa ínyo kag sa ínyo mga anák". Don't weep over me, but weep for yourselves and for your children".

d. Through, through the agency of, by, by means of, by the help of, etc. Tungúd kay Hesukrísto nga Aton Ginóo. Through Jesus Christ, Our Lord. Nakadángat siá sa pagpatábà sang íya umá sa maáyo nga bilí tungúd kay Pédro. He managed to sell his field at a fair price by the help (through the-influence,-intervention,-good offices) of Peter. (see bangúd, kay, hay, nahanungúd, nahatungúd, pahanúngdan, katungdánan, palahanúngdan).

To rail at, scoff, mock, curse and swear at. Hinúgay ka sang pálak kag índì ka magtunyági sang yárà sa idálum. Calm your (angry) excitement and don't rail at (upbraid, speak insolently to) those below you. (see pamuyáyaw, pamúlag, támay, yagutâ, ulígyat).

To be equal to, to equal, to be neither superior nor inferior. Nagatúpung silá sa kataasón. They are equal in height. Nagatúpung gid ang íla nga palangakóan. Their authority or office is the same. They are equal in authority or office. Ang íya pagkamangin-alámon matupúngan áyhan, ápang daw sa índì malabawán. His learnedness can perhaps be matched, but scarcely surpassed.

To take a short cut through fields, over grass, etc.; to pass, go over or enter without ceremony, interview, call to account, tax with, burst upon, "go for". Ginturások lang námon ang talámnan, tunúk (dúgi), etc. We simply cut across the field, tramped over the thorny shrubs, etc. Indì mo pagturasókon ang pagsulúd sa ákon kwárto, kóndì manóktok ka gid ánay. Don't enter my room unceremoniously, but knock first. Sang pagkabatî níya siní dáyon gid lang íya ginturások si Fuláno. As soon as he heard this, he at once "went for" (had an interview with, expostulated or remonstrated with) N.N. (see túrag, tásak, ládag, láktud, kurágmang).

(B) To shout, rail at, speak in a loud voice, vociferate (in anger or passion). Indì mo tána pagturayawón. (Indì mo siá pagsinggitán). Don't shout at him. Bisán magturayáw kaw man dián índì man tákon magsahót kanímo. (Bisán magsinggítan ka man dirâ índì (man) akó magsapák sa ímo). You may get angry and shout as much as you like, but I won't listen to you. (see sínggit, pugaás, pamúyas, etc.).

To thrust at, poke at, make a lunge at, jab, prod, prick, stab. Indì mo pagitúslok ang ímo túdlò sa íya matá. Don't poke your finger at his eye. (see tíslok, tisók).

To speak aloud, make audible, raise one's voice so as to be audible, intelligible, distinct, clear. Malúya na gid siá nga índì na gánì makatúsngaw sang íya tíngug. He is very weak now; he cannot speak audibly (intelligibly) any longer. Indì na siá katúsngaw (makatúsngaw). He is too far gone to utter a word. He can no longer make his voice heard. (see hámbal, púlong, bungát, tikáb).

The form patutús is mostly used in the meaning of: to yield, give way, back down, submit. Indì gid siá magpatutús. He will not yield. He won't give in. He will not relent (relax). (see patubúk, paubág, patubalíng, ísol).

Only the form paubág is in general use in the meaning of: to yield, give way, back down, give in, submit. Indì siá magpaubág. He does not want to-yield,-give way,-submit. Walâ silá magpaubág sa íla nga tindógan. They did not-, would not-, surrender. They held their ground (position). (see pasúpil, patubúk, patubalíng).

Only the form paubág is in general use in the meaning of: to yield, give way, back down, give in, submit. Indì siá magpaubág. He does not want to-yield,-give way,-submit. Walâ silá magpaubág sa íla nga tindógan. They did not-, would not-, surrender. They held their ground (position). (see pasúpil, patubúk, patubalíng).

To accompany, go along with, be with, assist, help, guide, support. Indì ka mahádluk, kay ubayán ikáw níya. Don't be afraid, because he will-accompany you,-be with you,-help (assist) you. Ang Sánta Iglésya índì gid makatálang, kay ginaubayán sa gihápon sang Diós nga Espíritu Sánto. The Church cannot fall into error, because she is always guided by the Holy Ghost. (see kaúbay, búylog, tóytoy, búlig, tábang).

To accompany, go along with, be with, assist, help, guide, support. Indì ka mahádluk, kay ubayán ikáw níya. Don't be afraid, because he will-accompany you,-be with you,-help (assist) you. Ang Sánta Iglésya índì gid makatálang, kay ginaubayán sa gihápon sang Diós nga Espíritu Sánto. The Church cannot fall into error, because she is always guided by the Holy Ghost. (see kaúbay, búylog, tóytoy, búlig, tábang).

To finish, end, use up, wear out, swallow up, consume, spend all, exhaust, make an and of. Ubúsa lang iníng tinápay. Just finish this bread (eat it all). Naúbus na ang bíno. The wine is all gone now. Ginúbus níya ang isá ka gatús ka mángmang nga ginhátag ko sa íya. He spent to the last farthing the hundred pesos I had given him. Daw sa índì maúbus iníng heneró sa isá ka delárgo. This cloth will probably not be used up in the making of a pair of trousers. Ubúson mo sang káon iníng tátlo ka páhò. Consume (eat up) these three mangoes. Indì níla maúbus sang inúm iníng tubâ. They cannot finish all this toddy. (see úrut, tápus, sáid, tîtî).

To finish, end, use up, wear out, swallow up, consume, spend all, exhaust, make an and of. Ubúsa lang iníng tinápay. Just finish this bread (eat it all). Naúbus na ang bíno. The wine is all gone now. Ginúbus níya ang isá ka gatús ka mángmang nga ginhátag ko sa íya. He spent to the last farthing the hundred pesos I had given him. Daw sa índì maúbus iníng heneró sa isá ka delárgo. This cloth will probably not be used up in the making of a pair of trousers. Ubúson mo sang káon iníng tátlo ka páhò. Consume (eat up) these three mangoes. Indì níla maúbus sang inúm iníng tubâ. They cannot finish all this toddy. (see úrut, tápus, sáid, tîtî).

To abate, diminish, slacken, languish, flag, dwindle, decrease, have the edge taken off, to blunt, dull. Walâ pa pagúdal ang pamaligyáon sa tínda (tiénda). Selling at the market is quite brisk still (has not slackened, grown dull, fallen off). Walâ pagúdal ang íya pamatásan. His habits are firmly rooted, difficult to reform or to eradicate. Indì mo pagudálon ang binángon. Don't blunt the bolo. (see búhin, hábul, hídal, hádal).

To abate, diminish, slacken, languish, flag, dwindle, decrease, have the edge taken off, to blunt, dull. Walâ pa pagúdal ang pamaligyáon sa tínda (tiénda). Selling at the market is quite brisk still (has not slackened, grown dull, fallen off). Walâ pagúdal ang íya pamatásan. His habits are firmly rooted, difficult to reform or to eradicate. Indì mo pagudálon ang binángon. Don't blunt the bolo. (see búhin, hábul, hídal, hádal).

To hawk, clear the throat preparatory to spitting. Indì ka magúghad (mangúghad, magpangúghad) kon may nagakáon. Don't hawk and spit while others are eating. (see kúghad).

To hawk, clear the throat preparatory to spitting. Indì ka magúghad (mangúghad, magpangúghad) kon may nagakáon. Don't hawk and spit while others are eating. (see kúghad).

To be impatient, irritable, nettled, vexed, angry, exasperated, enraged, fretting and chafing. Indì ka magúgtas. Don't be so impatient. Yanáng magtotóon daláyon gid lang nagaúgtas sa mga bátà. That teacher has no patience with the children, is always angry or exasperated. Ginugtasán níya kamí. He was very impatient with us, was in a bad mood or humour. Ginapaúgtas níya si nánay níya. She tries the patience of her mother to the breaking point. She is vexing, nettling, exasperating her mother. (see ákig, ókdom, úgtom).

To be impatient, irritable, nettled, vexed, angry, exasperated, enraged, fretting and chafing. Indì ka magúgtas. Don't be so impatient. Yanáng magtotóon daláyon gid lang nagaúgtas sa mga bátà. That teacher has no patience with the children, is always angry or exasperated. Ginugtasán níya kamí. He was very impatient with us, was in a bad mood or humour. Ginapaúgtas níya si nánay níya. She tries the patience of her mother to the breaking point. She is vexing, nettling, exasperating her mother. (see ákig, ókdom, úgtom).