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Palm-wine, toddy, the (fermented) sap that trickles from the lopped fruit-stalk of the coconut palm. Tubâ nga agahán (haponán). Toddy collected in the morning (afternoon). Ibutáng mo lang ang íya sinâ nga hámbal sa tubâ. Put his words down to the toddy i.e. excuse him, because he was drunk when he said it.

Costiveness, constipation, a hard stool; to harden, cause constipation. Ginatubúl siá. He is suffering from costiveness. He is constipated. Tinubúl siá. He became constipated or costive. Túblon nga táo. A person that is often subject to constipation. Indì ka magkáon sinâ kay básì túblon ikáw. Don't eat that, because it may give you constipation.

A farmer's weather-rule, weather forecast, peasant's maxim. Many believe that the weather during the first twelve days of January somehow forecasts the weather for the whole year. The second day of January is called the "tubúng" of February, the third the "tubúng" of March, the fourth the "tubúng" of April and so on. Kon magulán sa ikápat ka ádlaw sang Enéro magaulán man sa búlan sa Abril, kay naulanán man ang íya sinâ nga tubúng. If it rains on the fourth day of January there will be rain in April, because it rained on the day that forecasts the weather for April.

Finger, digit, toe; teaching, instruction, injunction; to point out, indicate, show, direct; to teach, inform, impart knowledge or information, educate, instruct, correct another's conduct. Ang mga túdlò sang kamót. The fingers. Ang mga túdlò sang tiíl. The toes. Iní túdlò gid sang Diós. This, indeed, is the finger of God. Tudloí siá. Teach him. Instruct him. Tudloí akó sang dálan pakádto sa--. Itúdlò sa ákon ang dálan pakádto sa--. Tell me the way to--. Point out to me the way or road to--. Walâ níya pagitúdlò sa íya mga anák ang maáyo nga batásan. He did not teach his children good behaviour (manners and right conduct). May saráng ikáw matúdlò sa ákon nga mga táo nga makahibaló magbúhat sinâ? Can you show me some men that know how to do it (that)? Walâ siá matudloí sing maáyo, kay walâ sing nagtúdlò sa íya. He was not well instructed, because no one had taught him. Itúdlò ko kuntánì sa íya ang takús níya buháton, ápang índì siá magpatúdlò. I would gladly point out to him what he should do, but he is averse to being taught. Kon índì ka magpatúdlò sa ákon pagaipatúdlò ko ikáw sa kay tátay. If you don't want to be taught by me, I'll hand you over to father for instruction. Tinúdlò níya sa ákon si Fuláno kag sumilíng: "--. He pointed out to me N.N. and said "--. Maálam na siá; walâ na akó sing ikatúdlò sa íya. He is well instructed now; I cannot teach him any more. (see tudô, todô, tulúdlò, manunúdlò, panúdlò).

Promise, declaration, undertaking, word, pledge, engagement; to promise, undertake to, engage to, bind-, pledge-, commit-, oneself to, give-, pass-, pledge-, plight-, one's-word,-honour,-credit. Gintug-anán akó níya sinâ. He has promised me that. Kon anó ang ímo natúg-an tumánon mo. What you have promised you should perform, fulfil. Itúg-an mo sa ákon nga--. Give me your word of honour that--. (see tugâ, sáad).

To commit to, entrust to, confide to the care of, leave in another's hands, commit to-a person's charge,-the hands of, deliver in trust, assign, consign to, deposit with, commend to; to counsel, advise, recommend. Itúgian mo sa íya inâ. Tugianán mo siá sinâ. Confide that to his care. Entrust him with that. Sang buút na siá magsakáy pa Manílà gintúgian níya ang íya bátà sa kay Pédro nga útud níya. When he was about to embark for Manila he left his child in the hands of Peter, his brother. Náno ang íya ginatúgian? What does he recommend? What is his advice? Tinugianán ko siá sa pagtúnghol sa ímo sang amó nga sulát. I entrusted him with that letter, confident that he would deliver it into your hands, (see panúgyan, bílin, tógon).

Permission, permit, license, leave, sanction, authorization, dispensation, concession; to permit, give permission, allow, concede, let, license, sanction, authorize, give leave to, grant license to. Itúgut mo sa íya inâ. Tugúti (Túgti) siá sinâ. Allow him to do it. Give him permission for doing it. Ginadilían ang pagsulúd dirí sang (sing) waláy túgut. No admittance without permission. Indì ko pagitúgut inâ. I shall not allow it. I shall make no such concession. Walâ níya kamí pagtugúti (pagtúgti) sa pagtámbong sa síni. He did not give us leave to go to the moving pictures (movies). Kon magtúgut ka sinâ--. If you allow such a thing--. (see pahanúgut, sugút, tándò, hángdò).

Dim. and Freq. of túhay. Ang ámon pamulákan madámù gid sing mga búlak nga nagakatuháytúhay ang íla sinâ nga duág. In our garden are very many flowers of all sorts of colours. (see laínláin, sarîsárì).

To not consider the price of, insist on buying a thing even if the price is dear, to pay dearly, be ready to pay a fancy price, go the limit, pay a high (stiff, long) price for a thing. Gintúksan ko lang ang bilí siníng ísdà. I paid a high price for this fish. Indì ka magtukús sinâ, kay támà kamahál. Don't insist on buying it; it is too dear. Daw sa walâ na sing makatukús sinâ, kay támà katáas ang bilí. Scarcely anybody will be able to afford that, as it is so exorbitantly expensive.

(H) Gaze, look; to look, see, direct one's eyes towards, fix one's eyes upon, to eye, gaze at, behold, regard, view, scan. Túluk ka dirí. Look here. Behold. Tulúka iní. Look at this. See. Indì ka magtúluk sinâ. Indì mo pagtulúkon inâ. Don't look at that. Gintúluk (Tinúluk) níya akó sing matalúm. He looked hard at me. He gave me a sharp look. He regarded me intently. Patulúka siá sinâ. Let him have a look at it. (see tán-aw, bilíd, sulúng, mútad, mulálong).

To fathom-, plumb-, measure-, sound-, the depth of, to take soundings, heave the lead; to find out, comprehend, understand thoroughly, get at the bottom of. Tungkará (-adá) kon anó ang kadalumón sang túbig. Measure (with a plummet) the depth of the water. Plumb the depth of the water. Walâ siá makatúngkad sang íya sinâ nga kahulúgan. He could not fathom (understand, comprehend) the meaning of that (its meaning). Ipatúngkad lang sa íya inâ. Let him guess it (find it out). (see takús, sókol, hangúp, sáyod, usísà, etc.).

Right, reason, motive, interest, relation or connection with, reference, regard. May tungúd siá kag bangúd sa pagbúhat sinâ. In acting thus he has (had) right and reason on his side. Anó ang tungúd mo sinâ? What is your interest in that matter (affair)? What have you got to do with it? Sa tungúd siní gánì--. Just on account of this--. Precisely for this reason--. N.B. Besides as noun "tungúd" is also very widely used as:

1) Verb: to concern, refer to, belong to, have a relation or connection with, e.g. iníng báhin sang humáy natungúd sa kay Fuláno. This part of the rice belongs (pertains) to N.N. Ipanáysay mo inâ sa mga punoán nga natúngdan. Explain that to the authorities that are concerned in the matter (--to the proper, corresponding authorities). Patungúd, pahanungúd-to attribute to, offer up-for,-in behalf of,-in behoof of, to do for the-sake of,-good of, to do to the advantage of, apply to, bestow upon, consider as belonging to, impute, etc. Iníng indulhénsya saráng mapahanungúd sa mga kalág sa purgatóryo. This indulgence can be applied to the souls in Purgatory. Dílì mo pagipatungúd sa ibán ang ímo mga sayúp. Don't impute your own faults to someone else.

2) Conjunctive particle: Because, since, seeing that, for, on the ground that, in as much as, e.g. Naakígan siá sang íya agálon tungúd nga nagsabát siá. He roused (incurred) the anger of his master, because he answered back. Walâ siá makatámbong, tungúd kay nagmasakít siá. He could not put in an appearance, because he-was taken ill,-had been taken ill,-took ill. Tungúd kay (Tungúd nga) ginbúhat mo inâ pangabagáha na man ang salábton. On the ground that you have done it you must also shoulder the responsibility.

3) Preposition: a. About, concerning, touching, as to, as for, respecting, as respects, with respect to, regarding, as regards, with regard to, referring to, with reference to, in connection with, pertaining to, appertaining to, bearing upon, relating to, with relation to, etc. Namángkot siá (sa) tungúd sang bilí sang kawáyan. He asked about the price of bamboo. Sa tungúd sang íya pagpalágyo walâ akó kabatî (makabatî) sing bisán kon anó. As to his flight, I have heard nothing whatever about it.

b. Because of, owing to, for the reason that, on the ground that, on account of, etc. Nasáyran ko na tungúd sang ímo pagsáysay. I know now because of your explanation. Ginbalúsan siá níla tungúd sang íya kaísug kag tungúd sang íya pagpatigáyon sing búlig. They rewarded him for his courage and because he brought up help. Walâ silá makabáyad tungúd sang íla piérde (kapierdéhan) sa bágyo. They could not pay on account of the losses they had sustained in the bágyo. Tungúd sa anó? Why? Wherefore? For what reason? Tungúd siní. Therefore. For this reason.

c. For the good of, for the sake of, for the benefit (advantage) of, for, in behalf (behoof) of. "Indì kamó maghibî tungúd sa ákon, kóndì tungúd sa ínyo kag sa ínyo mga anák". Don't weep over me, but weep for yourselves and for your children".

d. Through, through the agency of, by, by means of, by the help of, etc. Tungúd kay Hesukrísto nga Aton Ginóo. Through Jesus Christ, Our Lord. Nakadángat siá sa pagpatábà sang íya umá sa maáyo nga bilí tungúd kay Pédro. He managed to sell his field at a fair price by the help (through the-influence,-intervention,-good offices) of Peter. (see bangúd, kay, hay, nahanungúd, nahatungúd, pahanúngdan, katungdánan, palahanúngdan).

(B) A passing shower of rain, a squall, a fit, jerk, start; at intervals, with interruptions, now and again, off and on, by fits and starts; to do with interruptions, by fits and starts. Urán nga turapók. (Ulán nga tulápok). A shower of rain. A squall of very short duration. Turapók nga pangabúdlay. Work done by fits and starts. Desultory, interrupted, not steady or continuous work. Riá nga táo turapók sa bisán anó nga orobráhon. (Inâ nga táo matalák-on sa bisán náno nga olobráhon. Ang olobráhon níya sinâ nga táo dugáydugáy níya ginabiyáan). Whatever this man does he does by fits and starts. This man-never works long at any job,-gets soon tired of any kind of work. (see tulápok).

For ó kon-or. Ukón--ukón-. Either--or. Ambót kon amó iní ukón inâ. I don't know whether it is this or that. Isá sa duhá: ukón magtúman ka sinâ ukón silótan ikáw. One of the two: either you obey or bear the punishment.

For ó kon-or. Ukón--ukón-. Either--or. Ambót kon amó iní ukón inâ. I don't know whether it is this or that. Isá sa duhá: ukón magtúman ka sinâ ukón silótan ikáw. One of the two: either you obey or bear the punishment.

To take-, carry-, along with, do at the same time, combine, unite, join with. Iuláyhon mo akó sang ákon maléta kon magpaúlì ikáw. Kindly take along my handbag, when you go home. Kon magdalá ka sinâ dídto ulayhonón mo pagdalá siníng mga ságing. When you take that over there take with you also these bananas. Naguláyhon lang silá dáyon pagpamiésta. At the same time they also assisted at the Feast. (see sagibín).

To take-, carry-, along with, do at the same time, combine, unite, join with. Iuláyhon mo akó sang ákon maléta kon magpaúlì ikáw. Kindly take along my handbag, when you go home. Kon magdalá ka sinâ dídto ulayhonón mo pagdalá siníng mga ságing. When you take that over there take with you also these bananas. Naguláyhon lang silá dáyon pagpamiésta. At the same time they also assisted at the Feast. (see sagibín).

Again, a second time. Nagpakasál na man siá ulî sa kay Fulána. He married again; this time he married N.N. The second time he married (having been married before) Miss N.N. Nagbúhat siá sinâ ulî. He did it again. (see liwán, liwát).

Again, a second time. Nagpakasál na man siá ulî sa kay Fulána. He married again; this time he married N.N. The second time he married (having been married before) Miss N.N. Nagbúhat siá sinâ ulî. He did it again. (see liwán, liwát).

-um-, This syllable goes to form the following tenses: the Active Imperative, the Conditional Future, the Past. When the verb begins with a vowel, um-is put before the vowel, e.g. abút-to come, becomes umabút. When the verb begins with a consonant, um-is put after the consonant, e.g. halín-to depart, becomes humalín.

1) Active Imperative. Bumúhat ka sinâ. Do it. Make it. Uminúm ka na kag pumadáyon sang ímo paglakát. Take a drink and continue your journey. (búhat, inúm, padáyon).

2) Conditional Future. Kon lumígad na ang tátlo ka ádlaw bayáran mo akó sing (sa) waláy balíbad. After three days you must pay me without shift. Kon dumángat ka sinâ--. When (If) you obtain that--. (lígad, dángat).

3) The Past. In vivid narrative equivalent to what is called the Historical Present. Sang pagkabatî níya siní sa gilayón umílis siá kag lumakát. On hearing this he at once changes his clothes and sets out. Tumalikód lang siá kag humípus. All he does is to turn his back saying nothing. "Si Hesús nalóoy sa íya kag sumilíng:"--. Jesus had mercy on her and said:"--. Tumíndog na man si Nikolás, "Hóo, may katarúngan siá", sumalígbat siá sang íla halambalánon. Nicolas too stands up, and interrupting their conversation, blurts out: "Yes he is right". (ílis, lakát, talikód, hípus, silíng, tíndog, salígbat).

N.B. If, further, "l" is put after the first vowel of the verb, we get the forms umal-, umil-, umol-, umul-, which denote the agent of what the root signifies, e.g. umalági-a passer-by (ági); pumililî-an elector, voter (pílì); tumolóo-a believer (tóo); bumulúthò-one who goes to school, a student, pupil, alumnus (búthò); bumulúlig, bumululíg-helper, assistant (búlig); bumalákal-buyer, customer (bakál); tumalánum-planter, farmer (tanúm); sumilílhig-sweeper (sílhig); dumalalá-manager, conductor, leader, etc. etc. (see inm-, mag-, nag-, manug-, tig-, tag-).